testin众测平台（Testing Applications with WebTest¶）

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导读：Testing Applications with WebTest¶...

Testing Applications with WebTest¶

author: Ian Bicking <ianb@colorstudy.com> maintainer: Gael Pasgrimaud <gael@gawel.org>

Contents

Testing Applications with WebTest Status & License Installation What This Does TestApp Making Requests Modifying the Environment & Simulating Authentication What Is Tested By Default The Response Object Form Submissions Parsing the Body Framework Hooks

Status & License¶

WebTest is an extraction of paste.fixture.TestApp

, rewriting

portions to use WebOb. It is under

active development as part of the Paste cloud of packages.

Feedback and discussion should take place on the Paste list, and bugs should go into the

Bitbucket tracker.

This library is licensed under an MIT-style license.

WebTest is in a mercurial repository at http://bitbucket.org/ianb/webtest. You can check it out with:

$ hg clone https://bitbucket.org/ianb/webtest WebTest

Installation¶

You can use pip or easy_install to get the latest stable release:

$ pip install WebTest $ easy_install WebTest

Or if you want the development version:

$ pip install "http://bitbucket.org/ianb/webtest/get/tip.tar.gz#egg=WebTest"

What This Does¶

WebTest helps you test your WSGI-based web applications. This can be

any application that has a WSGI interface, including an application

written in a framework that supports WSGI (which includes most

actively developed Python web frameworks – almost anything that even

nominally supports WSGI should be testable).

With this you can test your web applications without starting an HTTP

server, and without poking into the web framework shortcutting

pieces of your application that need to be tested. The tests WebTest

runs are entirely equivalent to how a WSGI HTTP server would call an

application. By testing the full stack of your application, the

WebTest testing model is sometimes called a functional test,

integration test, or acceptance test (though the latter two are

not particularly good descriptions). This is in contrast to a unit

test which tests a particular piece of functionality in your

application. While complex programming tasks are often is suited to

unit tests, template logic and simple web programming is often best

done with functional tests; and regardless of the presence of unit

tests, no testing strategy is complete without high-level tests to

ensure the entire programming system works together.

WebTest helps you create tests by providing a convenient interface to

run WSGI applications and verify the output.

TestApp¶

The most important object in WebTest is TestApp

, the wrapper

for WSGI applications. To use it, you simply instantiate it with your WSGI

application. (Note: if your WSGI application requires any configuration, you

must set that up manually in your tests.)

>>> from webtest import TestApp >>> from webtest.debugapp import debug_app >>> app = TestApp(debug_app) >>> res = app.get(/form.html) >>> res.status 200 OK >>> res.form <Form />

Making Requests¶

To make a request, use:

app.get(/path, [headers], [extra_environ], ...)

This does a request for /path

, with any extra headers or WSGI

environment keys that you indicate. This returns a response object,

based on webob.Response. It has some

additional methods to make it easier to test.

If you want to do a POST request, use:

app.post(/path, {vars: values}, [headers], [extra_environ], [upload_files], ...)

Specifically the second argument is the body of the request. You

can pass in a dictionary (or dictionary-like object), or a string

body (dictionary objects are turned into HTML form submissions).

You can also pass in the keyword argument upload_files, which is a

list of [(fieldname, filename, fild_content)]

. File uploads use a

different form submission data type to pass the structured data.

For other verbs you can use:

app.put(path, params, ...) app.delete(path, ...)

These do PUT and DELETE requests.

Modifying the Environment & Simulating Authentication¶

The best way to simulate authentication is if your application looks

in environ[REMOTE_USER]

to see if someone is authenticated.

Then you can simply set that value, like:

app.get(/secret, extra_environ=dict(REMOTE_USER=bob))

If you want all your requests to have this key, do:

app = TestApp(my_app, extra_environ=dict(REMOTE_USER=bob))

What Is Tested By Default¶

A key concept behind WebTest is that there’s lots of things you

shouldn’t have to check everytime you do a request. It is assumed

that the response will either be a 2xx or 3xx response; if it isn’t an

exception will be raised (you can override this for a request, of

course). The WSGI application is tested for WSGI compliance with

a slightly modified version of wsgiref.validate

(modified to support arguments to InputWrapper.readline

)

automatically. Also it checks that nothing is printed to the

environ[wsgi.errors]

error stream, which typically indicates a

problem (one that would be non-fatal in a production situation, but if

you are testing is something you should avoid).

To indicate another status is expected, use the keyword argument

status=404

to (for example) check that it is a 404 status, or

status="*" to allow any status.

If you expect errors to be printed, use expect_errors=True.

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